New Research: Drug J147: On the Road to Cure Alzheimer's

      On the Road to Cure Alzheimer's 

By: Blaise S. 

Take a Tour of one of our most valuable organs: Our Brain 

http://www.alz.org/braintour/3_main_parts.asp

          5.4 million Americans  are suffering from Alzheimer’s  disease currently, the Alzheimer’s Association say that by 2050 more than 16 million men and women will drastic forgetful symptoms of Alzheimers. This is a conquring deseaise that deteriates the brain’s memory and causes older men and women to become very forgetful and confused in day-to-day situations. There has been a long fight for the cure of Alzheimer’s, however, scientists now might have invented drug that might prevent memory loss. J147 is a drug that has been tested on mice to see if their memory has improved. The Salk Institute for Biological Studies have researched this drug further and commented, "J147 enhances memory in both normal and Alzheimer's mice and also protects the brain from the loss of synaptic connections," says the leader of the institution of Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, David Schubert, whose team developed the new drug."No drugs on the market for Alzheimer's have both of these properties." The Alzheimer’s Association says, “More than 1 trillion dollars is spent in the US because of the Alzheimer’s disease.” Even if this small development might not make it to the market, this is sure evidence that we are heading in the right direction for the cure of Atzheimer’s.

Sites Used: 

Alzheimer's Association. "Alzheimer's Association - Memory Loss & 10 Signs of Alzheimer’s." Alzheimer's Association. Alzheimer's Association, 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. .

DailyScience. "Alzheimer's Drug Candidate May Be First to Prevent Disease Progression, Mouse Study Suggests." Science Daily: News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology. Science Daily, 14 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. .

                

Science: In Mr. Juice's Class

Science:

 

                What is science? Why should we study science? How is science important in our lives? Those are the types of questions we were asked today in Mr. S’s science class. The definition of science that he gave was, “A way of learning about the world through observations and logical reasoning, something that allows for growth and change as new ideas are explored.”

                This is why I love science, there is no right answer. The world of science is not black or white; it is a world of colors.  Science is a subject where there is infinite number of objects to research, observe, and explore. Living on this planet surrounds us with an overwhelming amount of questions and issues that we have to figure out to improve our own lives. At the moment there are only two types of braches of systematic observation. Pure Science is one of the branches and Applied Science being the other division. Both branches of systematic observation are here to improve our lives. However, Pure Science is the division that is taught on more of a classic level, commonly referred to the scientific method. Many times in a science classroom you are taught that systematic observation is the only way to complete a lab, as I’ve learned today that statement is not correct. Mr. S declared that there is not only one why to observe this world but many, each person has their own unique way of doing it. Applied Science is also a very common way to study our planet. This usually involves taking new technologies and piecing together what we have learned to create a whole new outlook. Creating an environment of where we learn this type of material is very important to me. I feel that when we learn about science we learn how to study our own lives and improve it in our own way.   

Make an Impact!!!

Earth Craters 

Moon Craters  

Guiding Question: What are the factors that affect the appearance of impact craters? How do scientists use craters to tell the relative age of them?

Hypothesis:

The factors that will affect the appearance of an impact crater are how much force of the creator and how big the creator is.

Materials:

Safety goggles, tray, flour, notebook, spoon, small marbles, ruler, excel and word.

Terms to know:

 Floor:

Bowl shaped or flat, characteristically below surrounding ground level unless filled in with lava.

Ejecta:

Blandet of material surrounding the crater that was excavate during the impact event. Ejecta become thinner away from the creator.

Raised Rim:

Rock thrown out of a crater and extending away for great distances.

Central Uplifts:

Mountains formed because of the huge increase and rapid decrease in pressure during the impact event. They occur only in the center of creators that are larger than 40 km diameter.

Rays:

Bright streaks starting from a crater and extending away for great distances.

Walls:

Characteristically steep and may have giant stairs called terraces

Part 1:

Data Table:

Trial	Height of drop	Diameter of crater	Length of Ejecta	Depth of Crater	Observations
1	30	1 cm	Barely visible	1cm	The round object
2	30	1 cm	Same	1cm	Made the crater
3	30	1 cm	Same	1cm	Look very round.
4	30	1 cm	Minimal amount	1cm	Little Ejecta,

Trial	Height of drop	Diameter of crater	Length of Ejecta	Depth of Crater	Observations
1	60	2.0	Little more than previous	1.2	Bigger than 1st
2	60	2.5	Same	1.2
3	60	1.0	Same	1.6	Same diameter
4	60	1.5	Little	1.4	Little deeper

Trial	Height of drop	Diameter of crater	Length of Ejecta	Depth of Crater	Observations
1	90	2.0	More than 2 test	1.25	Bigger crater
2	90	2.0	Same	1.6	Could see difference
3	90	1.6	Same	1.9	Wider
4	90	1.7	Little more	1.8

Trial	Height of drop	Diameter of crater	Length of Ejecta	Depth of Crater	Observations
1	200	2.0	Even more	2.6	Extremely deep
2	200	2.4	Same	2.7	As it dropped
3	200	2.9	Same	3.0	Picked up energy
4	200	3.0	Biggest	2.8	Faster

Graphs:

Data Analysis:

1.       If the impactor were dropped from 6 meters, would the crater be larger or smaller? How much larger or smaller? Explain your answer. Note: the velocity of the impactor would be 1,084 centimeters per second?

The crater would be larger because it is dropped from further up so the marble with gain speed throughout the long trip down. When it was dropped by two meter the depth was 3 cm, so making an estimated guess, the meter would be about 6 cm in depth.  We found that in our data the father that we dropped the marble, the bigger the creator got, also we saw a lot more Ejecta.

2.        What are your observations?

Trial 1 we focus on the height of the marble which was 30 cm. When we tested the marble the diameter was an average of 1 cm or 10 mm, the depth of the creator was also the same. Our observations that there were very little Ejecta. When we compared this to our trail number four which was at a height of 200 cm or 20 mm, the diameter of the creator was 3.0, and the depth of the creator was 2.8. As you can see there is a huge difference between the first trial and 4^th trial. With our graph that we created on excel, this showed us a very big liner graph of the increased trails. On the side Julia and I did some extra experiments, we tested what the creator would look like when the flour was higher. We observed that the creator was a lot deeper and there were little Ejecta.

3.       What are the factors that affect the appearance of impact creators?

The factors that affect the appearance of impact creators are how fast the creator is going (other words and what shape the creator is. Think of it as play dough. If you have a flat piece of it laying on your table and you take your knuckle and pound it on to it once. What shape is it going to be? It is going to be the shape of your knuckle. That is one factor that affects the appearance of creators; the other factor is how fast the asteroid is going to hit earth or the moon. Take for example a car crash, when a car is going super fast and hits something there is going to be more of an impact. If the car is going slow and crashes, then there is going to be less damage.

The meteorites that hit the moon and earth are not round in space; in fact they are the complete opposite. The reason why they are in a round shape is because when they come thought the atmosphere, because of how fast it is going, the rock is melted into a round shape.

Further Inquiry:

I wonder what would happen if a meteorite hit earth’s oceans, and because of the seismic waves, I bet huge tsunamis would’ve occurred.  I think that would be a very cool experiment. With holes in the atmosphere will it be easier for asteroids to get into our world? I wonder that is why Australia has so many creators. Maybe the atmosphere is weaker in that area of our world. It will get even weaker because of global warming; will that mean that Australia will have more chances of a new creator? I think ONLY time will tell.

Google Earth:

Barringer Metor Crater:

Formed 50,000 years ago

.75 miles

Manicouagan Crater:

Oldest known craters on Earth

34 miles

Clearwater Lakes

Formed by a pair of asteroids hitting the Earth’s surface

18 miles bigger one

12 miles smaller one

Chicxulub

Burided below sediment, leaves dark shadow on the land.

Miles unknown

Upheaval Dome

Thought to be a salt dome

2.6 miles

Rio Caurto

Shape looks elliptical

Miles Unkown

Gosses Bluff

Australia belived to be more than 140 million years old

3.1 miles

Tenoumer

Creator in Africa, lines up with 2 other creators in the region

1.4 Miles

Vredefort

Multiple ring structure.

Miles Unkown

Why Satellites Stay in Orbit

 Why Satellites Stay in Orbit

Guiding Question: How does the weight of an object affect the power of the orbit?Hypothesis: I think that the lighter the object, the more spins the planet/manmade object will take, and the faster it’s going to travel around.

Variables: Our variable is the string, since it is always the same length. Also, the speed at which we spin the string. Our manipulative variable is the weight tied to the end of the string.

Materials:

• String
• Washers

Procedure:

1. Thread your needle with the string and push the needle all the way through the center of the washer. Pull the end of the string through the washer. Tie the end of the string to the string where it enters the other side of the washer. Tie a string knot.
2. Measure the distance of the string (30 cm).
3. Hold the end of the string above your head.
4. Hold your washer and string the same way you did in the previous step.  Swing the washer horizontally in a circular motion over your head just hard enough for it to stay moving. Note how fast the washer is traveling after you have stopped moving you hand.
5. Repeat the steps by adding 1 washer, 2 washers, 3 washers, all the way till you have 4 washers in total.  Make sure the string length is always 30 cm.

Data Table:

Trials:	1 washer	2 washers	3 washers	4 washers
Trial 1	12	8	6	4
Trial 2	8	7	5	4
Trial 3	11	6	5	3
Average	10.333	7	5.333	3.666

Data Analysis:

As you can see on our data table the more washers that were added to the 30 cm string the less the washer spun. When analyzing our data I found that the average amount of spins for 1 washer is 10.3. The average amount of spins with 4 washers is 3.6. As you can see there is a very big difference between both 1 washer and 4 washers.

 There is also quite a big difference between two washers and three washers. You could also feel a difference when adding a washer. It took a lot more strength to spin 3 washers then two washers; this is because the weight increased making the gravity strengthen.

We also have to take into thought Newton’s first law of gravity, which is inertia. The reason the string with one washer was so easy swing around is because it was light. I was the force acted upon the washer; this was the reason why it swings. Also the gravity acted upon it making the washer come back down.


Conclusion:
            The more washers, the stronger the pull to get away is, and the more force is needed from your hand to prevent to make the washers fly through the room. With one washer we had the most amount of spins. With four washers we had the least amount of spins. The universal law of gravity is that each object in space attracts each with gravity. If a 2 kilo ball and a 2 kilo ball attract each other, the force of gravity will increase. If the distance increases and the mass stays the same then the force will decrease.  

In conclusion, our group noticed that when the number of washers rose, there was a defiant increase of pull from the washer. This means that the lighter the satellite the more spins around the earth it will take. Satellites stay in orbit because of gravity and the curved orbit.  However, not only satellites are in orbit there days there is also space trash.

Around our world there are bits and pieces of space junk that are orbiting our earth. They were all captured by earth orbit.  From an article that I read the other day I found that there are many types of satellites. There is one called the Geostationary which actually orbits with the earth. There is also the Polar Orbiter, which orbits around the earth’s poles. I also read that satellites stay in orbit because the earth’s orbit is curved.

Further Inquiry:

            We decided to look at the amount of force the washers would have if the string was at different lengths. In our mini lab our variable that we kept the same was the washer and the amount of washers on the string (4). Our manipulative variable was the different lengths of string.

We first started off with a string that was one meter long. With 4 washers and a meter long string it balanced out, making it easier to swing. With four washers we found that it swings around 14 times, it was a lot easier to keep in the air. Not as much force was need because the string balanced out the weight.

The universal law of gravity is that each object in space attracts each with gravity. If a 2 kilo ball and a 2 kilo ball attract each other, the force of gravity will increase. If the distance increase and the mass stays the same then the force will decrease.